If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. 3.5 Stars. Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. [a] Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". He created the Tudor dynasty. I have to admit to being a history geek. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). Happy St Davids Day! His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. The Lancastrians triumphed under the leadership of a 28-year-old exile named Henry Tudor. Before taking the throne, he was known as Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Herbert was captured fighting for the Yorkists and executed by Warwick. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . Henry VII of England - Wikipedia But, his enemies didnt agree. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. [53] Later on, Henry had exchanged letters with Pope Julius II in 1507, in which he encouraged him to establish peace among Christian realms, and to organise an expedition against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. Henry VII Facts, Information & Biography - Tudor Monarchs - English History The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Though this was not achieved during his reign, the marriage eventually led to the union of the English and Scottish crowns under Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, following the death of Henry's granddaughter Elizabeth I. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen.

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