Ashford University 9 11 Attacks and Its Influence on the Homeland Security Function Paper. discussion End of Preview - Want to read all 4 pages? For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines). UOPX Correctional Programming for Inmates on Pre And Post Release Adjusting to life after prison is a time for new beginnings. an offender's progress in prison and a ticket-of-leave were linked. Start early. For this major assignment, you will reflect on the 9/11 attack and its influence on the homeland security function. This presentation will explain the steps in how a case moves through the courts and who is involved in the courtroom workgroup.The presentation should be 45 slides in length (not including the introductory slide or reference slide) and should include the following:List the stages of the court process and what occurs at each stage.Who are the members of the courtroom workgroup, and what are their roles in the workgroup?Include how the case would be appealed to a higher court in your jurisdiction. 4 Elements of Successful Reentry Programs for Inmates - Social Solutions As I detail below, those that have had significant effects on racial/ethnic relations in the U.S. this first decade of the 21st century include demographic change, outsourcing and postindustrial occupational shifts, increased economic competition in the global marketplace, and decreased economic stability on the institutional and individual levels. The Inmate Discipline Program contained in N.J.A.C. ), Kathryn M. Nowotny, Richard G. Rogers, Jason D. Boardman, December, 2017, The incarcerated population generally has worse health than the noninstitutionalized population, especially for hypertension, heart problems, asthma, kidney problems, stroke, arthritis, and cancer., New Jersey Institute for Social Justice, December, 2017, Rather than strengthen our democracy, New Jerseys decision to deny the right to vote to people with criminal convictions deprives its most vulnerable communities of valuable voices needed to affect systemic change., Prison Policy Initiative, September, 2017, HIV disproportionately impacts communities that are already marginalized by poverty, inadequate resources, discrimination -- and mass incarceration., This report analyzes the racially disparate use of force in police stops in New York City in 2011., NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., July, 2017, Although 60 percent of the citizen complaints against NCPD officers were filed by Black residents, their complaints were much less likely to be sustained by NCPD than complaints filed by White residents., Analyses of police body cam footage reveals racial disparities in officer respect toward civilians., Officers speak with consistently less respect toward black versus white community members, even after controlling for the race of the officer, the severity of the infraction, the location of the stop, and the outcome of the stop., In 2015, the rate of violent hate crime victimization was 0.7 hate crimes per 1,000 persons age 12 or older., One in every 13 voting-age African Americans cannot vote, a disenfranchisement rate more than four times greater than that of all other Americans., Nearly half (48.3%) of life and virtual life-sentenced individuals are African American, equal to one in five black prisoners overall. The city council is the basic legislative body ), New York Immigration Coalition, May, 2018, By broadly casting immigrant Latinx youth as gang members to be targeted for incarceration and deportation, even the outward pretense of basic rights and due process is pushed to the side., (This brief presents an overview of the ways in which America's history of racism & oppression continues to manifest in the criminal justice system, & a summary of research demonstrating how the system perpetuates the disparate treatment of black people. DISCUSSION 3: Locate an article or video-using the University Library or CJSearch-on inconsistency and discrimination issues related to capital punishment. ), A natural extension of this work would be to make explicit consideration of the racial impact of proposed policies, as in racial impact statements, into routine tools., Lakota People's Law Project, February, 2015, Native American men are admitted to prison at four times the rate of white men and Native women at six-fold the rate of white women., In other words, society chose to use incarceration as a welfare program to deal with the poor, especially since the underprivileged are disproportionately people of color., This report is an analysis of the fight to end racial profiling in New York and the potential for nationwide implementation these efforts in every jurisdiction across the country., We evaluated nearly 700 cases decided by the California Courts of Appeal from 2006 through 2018, which involved objections to prosecutors' peremptory challenges. The Most Significant Racial/Ethnic Issue of the Decade In 2015, Black youth's incarceration rate was 5.0 times as high as their white peers, an all-time peak., Race and ethnicity continue to be salient predictors of punishment, with Black and Latinx individuals facing harsher outcomes than their White counterparts., Bail advocates did not reduce detention rates (at least on average) but did substantially reduce clients' likelihood of bail violation (-64%) and future arrest (- 26%)., We find that cycling individuals through Cook County Jail in March 2020 alone can account for 13% of all COVID-19 cases and 21% of racial COVID-19 disparities in Chicago as of early August., Even for the proportion of African Americans who had positive perceptions and interactions with the police, their views of the police seemed to be further complicated by broader concerns of discriminatory treatment., Justin Pickett, Amanda Graham, and Frank Cullen, April, 2021, Most Whites felt safe, but most Blacks feared the police even more than crime, being afraid both for themselves and for others they cared about., In a county that is less than 13% Black, 56% of all arrests between Aug 14 and Dec 31 of 2020 were of Black residents., Across jurisdictions, there has been debate about the use of structured risk-need assessment measures with diverse justice involved youth (e.g., Indigenous peoples, females)., Jean-Denis David and Megan Mitchell, April, 2021, Indigenous peoples are more likely to encounter the police for a variety of reasons including for law enforcement reasons, for non-enforcement reasons, including being a victim or a witness to a crime, and for behavioural health-related issues., Eviction is likely concentrated in neighborhoods vulnerable to crime, but the connection between eviction and neighborhood violent crime has not yet been examinedthis Boston-based study is a first step in filling this knowledge gap., Bruce Western, Jaclyn Davis, Flavien Ganter, and Natalie Smith, April, 2021, The contours of jail incarceration observed in New York City follow the pattern of mass criminalization where large numbers of Black and Latino men are subject to penal control, in most cases for low-level offenses., Laura Beckman and Nancy Rodriguez, April, 2021, Using juvenile probation file content (N = 285) that quantitatively captures court officials' perceptionsyouth of color are more likely to be linked to negative internal attributions in comparison with White youth., Aaron Gottlieb and Kalen Flynn, March, 2021, We find that a criminal charge in a county with high levels of slavery in 1860 increases the likelihood of pretrial detention, the probability of a sentence of incarceration, and the length of incarceration sentences., In a 2018 Washington Post analysis of nearly 50,000 homicides around the country, the authors found that an arrest was made in 63 percent of murders of white victims, compared to 48 percent of those with Latinx victims and 46 percent with Black victims., Practitioners and policymakers must determine how (or whether) to balance the use of risk assessment as a component of evidence-based practice with pursuing goals of reducing racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system., Sentences [for white and Black people] became more equal almost entirely due to changes in observable case characteristics and not due to changes in the treatment of offenders., Cunningham, Jamein, Donna Feir, and Rob Gillezeau, March, 2021, Using an event-study design, we find that the introduction of duty to bargain requirements with police unions has led to a significant increase in non-white civilian deaths at the hands of police during the late twentieth century., National Center for State Courts, March, 2021, Ultimately, judicial leadership must determine the goals of institutional efforts to address systemic and implicit biases., Even though increased black representation would not eliminate racial disparities, it may be an important part of reducing the amount of negative police contact that individuals experience., We found that increases in offenses and exclusionary reactions due to increased SRO presence were most evident for Black and Hispanic as opposed to White students., Oguzhan C. Dincer and Michael Johnston, February, 2021, Our evidence suggests that police can kill Black Americans with impunity because of a lack of accountability - exemplified by corruption - that is largely determined by political influences., Julie L. Kuper and Jillian J. Turanovic, February, 2021, Findings indicate that Black respondents reported within-person health declines that were more substantial than those of Whites after first incarceration. A safe place to live is essential to a successful reentry. public policy PDF After Incarceration: A Guide to Helping Women Reenter the Community READ AND answer the following questions in the world documentations feel free to ask when it is not clear.Thanks University of Edinburgh Common Law and Equity Exceptions Relevant Authorities Paper. ), [This report] offers input regarding the nation's compliance, and need to reform current criminal justice practices and was submitted to the United Nations' Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination., A Black boy born in 2001 has a 1 in 3 chance of going to prison in his lifetime; a Latino boy a 1 in 6 chance; and a White boy a 1 in 17 chance., Rhode Island Family Life Center, October, 2007, [A]lthough it was not an explicit intention of the bill, one of the most important outcomes is that these juveniles will now have adult records, seriously limiting them as they become adults., Andrew Gelman, Jeffrey Fagan, and Alex Kiss, September, 2007, [F]or violent crimes and weapons offenses blacks and Hispanics are stopped about twice as often as whites., Bureau of Justice Statistics, August, 2007, Blacks accounted for 13% of the U.S. population in 2005, but were victims in 15% of all nonfatal violent crimes and nearly half of all homicides., American Civil Liberties Union, August, 2007, The findings show that despite efforts to transcend an unfortunate racial past, residues of this fierce discrimination evidently still linger, at least when the most morally critical decision about punishment is decided., American Civil Liberties Union, June, 2007, [M]odern Attorneys General seek the death penalty at far higher rates if the victim is White, and White federal defendants are far more likely to have their death charges reduced to life sentences through plea bargaining., Race and mental health appear to be the strongest predictors of who will waive their appeals - most, Bureau of Justice Statistics, April, 2007, In 2005 police searched 9.5 percent of stopped blacks and 8.8 percent of stopped Hispanics, compared to 3.6 percent of white motorists., The National Council on Crime and Delinquency, January, 2007, This report details the accumulated disadvantage for youth of color as they move through the juvenile justice system and, too often, into the adult system., Council on Crime and Justice, August, 2006, The major findings show that all nine police departments studied refer a disproportionate number of minority juveniles to the JDC., United Nations - Human Rights Committee, July, 2006, (The UN expresses numerous concerns about the state of civil and political rights in the United States), Those with multiple periods of incarceration were more likely to be black, single and have more dependents., Although community members also reported increases in hate victimization, they expressed greater concern about being victimized by federal policies and practices than by individual acts of harassment or violence., Southern Center for Human Rights, April, 2006, More than six months after Katrina, a majority of [indigent defendants] remain behind bars, where they have languished on average for over a year without any communication with a defense attorney., National Council on Crime and Delinquency, March, 2006, The intent of [this] report is to provide a detailed assessment of the status of Southeast Asian youth in Richmond. When we combine communication and teaching we can create great lectures but when we involve our listeners and interact with one another we create a debate. The Disproportionate Impact of the Criminal Justice System, The Racial Geography of the Federal Death Penalty, Stop, Question & Frisk Policing Practices In New York City. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Discuss the type of hierarchy and related details of each role. This paper is going to promote the benefits and applicable use of debate as a teaching strategy. This means that as vital as it is to follow release programs, its even more important to follow pre-release programs. We find that media coverage medicalized and humanized White people who use opiates, A greater proportion of people in DOC experienced Intensive Management Unit confinement over time. Race and Ethnicity in Courts Office: (503) 722-3981Mobile: (503) 715-6156. 3, 4,5. Magnolia Brands was founded by Chip and Joanna Gaines in 2003. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Week 4 cjs 221 discussion In what ways should issues of race and ethnicity be considered when creating policies to facilitate inmate readjustment to society upon releas Race and ethnicity should be consider when creating policies for inmate readjustment to society upon release because the transition from prisoners being released to their community and home front can be a complicated process . He also practices in the following Municipal Courts: Lake Oswego, West Linn, Newberg, Canby, McMinnville, Troutdale, Oregon City, Beaverton, Milwaukie, Gladstone, and just about every other court in the Portland area. SLU Juvenile Rehabilitation & correctional intervention methods Discussion. Four Key Elements to Successful Reentry Programs for Inmates. The National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice: Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race-ethnicity, and sex. The therapy sessions, studied by Sara Heller (University of Pennsylvania), Anuj K. Shah (University of Chicago), Jonathan Guryan (Northwestern University), Jens Ludwig (University of Chicago), Sendhil Mullainathan (Harvard University), and Harold A. Pollack (University of Chicago), generated small but significant and sustained reductions in recidivism at a much lower cost than the PRI. Phys.org is a part of Science X network. You have decided not to hire them as employees, but rather as independent contractors. ), (Graphs showing the percentage of each state's total and prison population that is of a particular racial/ethnic group), Becky Pettit and Bruce Western, May, 2004, Defender Association's Racial Disparity Project, May, 2004, (Blacks, Whites, Latinos per 100,000 for each state and the U.S.), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004, Black faces looked more criminal to police officers; the more Black, the more criminal., Council on Crime and Justice, September, 2003, Results show that law enforcement officers stopped and searched Black, Latino, and American Indian drivers at greater rates than White drivers, yet found contraband on Blacks, Latinos, and American Indians at lower rates than in searches of White drivers., Prison Policy Initiative, September, 2003, American Civil Liberties Union, June, 2003, Council on Crime and Justice, April, 2003, Health effects associated with incarceration exacerbate existing health disparities in the larger African American community., Prof. Devah Pager, Northwestern University, March, 2003, Council on Crime and Justice, February, 2003, In order to assess the needs of racial/ethnic communities experiencing heightened criminal activity within their neighborhoods, five focus groups were undertaken: African American, Hmong, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, and Caucasian., ACLU of Northern California, October, 2002, Minnesota Department of Public Safety, October, 2002, African American youth, who comprise just 8% of the youth population White but are 34% of juvenile delinquency arrests. Questions are posted anonymously and can be made 100% private. the factors that led to offending and incarceration race neutral? That burden has fallen disproportionately on people of color: three-quarters of the state's formerly imprisoned population is Black or Latino., Ba, Bocar A., Dean Knox, Jonathan Mummolo, and Roman Rivera, February, 2021, Relative to white officers, Black and Hispanic officers make far fewer stops and arrests, and they use force less often, especially against Black civilians., 91% of officers' use of force was targeted toward Black residents., This essay highlights the experiences of Black people and disabled people, and how societal choices have caused them to experience the brunt of the pandemic. In what ways should issues of race and ethnicity be considered when. Our research drives jail reform. Governments, service providers, and researchers are continuing to develop innovative projects aimed at finding scalable, effective solutions to close our criminal justice system's revolving door. Economic disadvantage and racial diversity in neighborhoods more strongly elevate possession arrest rates among Blacks relative to Whites., Kendra Bradner and Vincent Schiraldi, March, 2020, Black and Latinx people are significantly more likely than white people to be under supervision, to be jailed pending a violation hearing, and to be incarcerated in New York State prisons for a parole violation., New York Law School Racial Justice Project, February, 2020, Traffc debt suspensions disproportionately harm New Yorkers of color, and will continue to do so if the current law remains unchanged., Alabama Appleseed Center for Law & Justice, February, 2020, Fifty-five percent of them made less than $14,999 per year, yet the median amount they reported paying for diversion was $1,600 -- more than ten percent of their total income., While income inequality is associated with higher rates of incarceration for all race and ethnicity groups (although not always in statistically significant fashion), the effect is largest for non-white, nonHispanic individuals., The Council on Criminal Justice, December, 2019, (For Black individuals, increases in length of stay, admissions per arrest, and arrests per offender offset the 3% decline in offending rates for rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. The areas trial court involving general jurisdiction is the Superior Court of the District of Colombia green party views on gun control Evaluate three forms of business organizations including advantages and disadvantages related to the business the ladies p Our tutors provide high quality explanations & answers. cjs 221 week 4 .docx - Week 4 cjs 221 discussion In what In what ways should issues of race and ethnicity be considered when creating policies to facilitate inmate readjustment to society upon. Public speaking promotes communication for important messages or simply for teaching purposes. These early disparities matter., National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, November, 2022, This report offers an account of the research evidence that can inform the public conversation and the policy discussion over reducing racial inequality in the criminal justice system and advancing racial equity., State of New York Offices of the Inspector General, November, 2022, Of DOCCS employees who issued 50 or more Misbehavior Reports during the period reviewed, 226 employees issued them to only non-White incarcerated individuals, including 114 employees who issued them to only Black or Hispanic incarcerated individuals., Council on Criminal Justice, September, 2022, Faster growth in the nation's Black adult resident population contributed more to its respective imprisonment rate decline than did the White adult resident population growth., National Registry of Exonerations, September, 2022, Innocent Black people are 19 times more likely to be convicted of drug crimes than innocent whites--a much larger disparity than we see for murder and rape-- despite the fact that white and Black Americans use illegal drugs at similar rates., Center for Policing Equity, September, 2022, Racially biased enforcement sets into motion a cascade of interrelated harms for millions of people: unaffordable fines and fees, mounting debt, driver's license suspensions, lost employment, unnecessary arrests, and even injury or death., Alyssa C. Mooney, Alissa Skog, and Amy E. Lerman, August, 2022, In California, one in five people with convictions met criteria for full conviction relief under the state's automatic relief laws.

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