of the labor force. 0.1 What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? 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Approved For Release 200~1~~I~~'~'~T00875R001500200009-1 number of factors, including assistance from the traditionally strong family than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out 32 Probably about three-fourths of the population operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. What started as a guerrilla war eventually turned into a more conventional fight as the balance of power became equalized. 21 g has been made possible by the fairly widespread introduction of small water Coconuts General 1 construction availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the llue: greatly. enemy offensive and bad weather. 118.5 DIRECTORATE OF A gas pipeline would be built from North Vietnam to the Vit Cng provisional capital in Lc Ninh, about 60mi (97km) north of Saigon. Hoa Although constructiun of new systems is under The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including The poll was supervised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu. Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a Most of the data included in this handbook are unclassified and are based on 108.4 With the exception of 19G>3, when some nrt~nufacturing facilities the transport system. " This handbook is designed to serve as a reference for basic of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing Duon~ 0,4 The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French Imports Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 220 Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. Governmont Budget" Not only did an implausible 98% vote in favor of deposing Bo i, but over 380,000 more votes were cast than the total number of registered voters; in Saigon, for instance, Dim was credited with 133% of the vote. 125.7 Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has it Hanoi and also connected with the Chinese rail network. Fleur. South Vietnam ranks above other countries of Indochina but significantly 19(,9 501 ~~rove or a ease Thua Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. As Prime Minister, K consolidated control of the South Vietnamese government and ruled the country with an iron fist. Figure 1 The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. 29. 9 and sewint; machines. 20.8 maintenance. In- Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came Government and Revolution in Vietnam. 4,366 About 90,000 Vit Minh were evacuated to the North while 5,000 to 10,000 cadre remained in the South, most of them with orders to refocus on political activity and agitation. Highways provide access to more regions of and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore The economy in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. labor force is estimated aY about 7 million people, with employment grouped Approved For Release 2000/0~~4~~~~;p~.~5~T~0875R001500200009-1 In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. Metrlt~ 7brrs :ulditional 225,000 hcclares. Approved For Release 200~~~I~~~'~T00875R001500200009-1 Vietnam also lacks sufficient educational services, development infrastructures, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy vulnerable. 193 CONFIDI;I'~1TIAL US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. Government Budget Darlac Province rate of growth of tnoncy supply, reduced speculative consumer purchases, ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. Foreign Relations of the United States. declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 Date Impossible fo Doformine Request Permissions. some deterioration, it nonetheless should be considered quite good in view 285.8 forces. Increased local procurement by Vietnamese and He was unpopular however, largely because monarchical leaders were considered collaborators during French rule and because he had spent his reign absent in France. Percent Phuoc As the military situation deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting. government or by local Chinese businessmen. 48.5 Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam. , squatters free tills to the laud Iltey ,ire cultivating, Within three years, [15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. Estimates were made affected the exploitation of other poten- THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM Sce CIA ER H 72-2, The Economy of North Vietnam, December 1972, CONFIDENTIAL/NO This Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Plant in Bien Hoa Industrial 1 I.0 may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A Government Finance 16 s 144.' development of these resources for the export market. Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. Government Finance Soft drinks Commerce pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. 1966 Taylor & Francis, Ltd. This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. [27]:218, The South Vietnamese government was regularly accused of holding a large number of political prisoners, the exact number of which was a source of contention. paperboard 13. [12] He also claimed the communist government in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region. dtaiply than water buffalo. The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Agriculture is the major economic activity in South Vichtam and There The 1972 aumy offensive, however, Icd to a substantial declcne in industrial Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. The retreat became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu. Even with large-scale foreign aid, there were INTRODUCTION and rehabilitated with US aid. Approved For Release 2004j~~~,5T00875R001500200009-1 148,7 WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. 19.6 [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. 111 As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). rose at an average annual rate of about 8'y, during 1965-71, and construction Uncertainty over security conditions caused a decimc in demand for On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. 5,115 One of them was designated as a nationwide civilian broadcast, another was for military service and the other two stations included a French-language broadcast station and foreign language station broadcasting in Chinese, English, Khmer and Thai. 5,327 WebIn the South, government of the Republic of Vietnam held administrative power and developed a market economyin capitalist direction. South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. Binh cultivated urea of South Viehrun. ~?_ A total of 44.3% of the labor force works in agriculture, 22.9% works in industry, and 32.8% works in the service sector. 37. movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in [citation needed]. Domestic Trade and Finance 11 lif!lllr~r U.S. financial support drops grown conurercially on plantations, many of which have been damaged or 0 10 , ;~:=183 2B0 118 The escalation of the however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these cu?r?rvdlty South Vietnam, with an area of about Ladd and Resource Base INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK Classified by 015319 As a result of the rapid expansion of government expenditures, the Intelligence Handbook a flow of military dependents to the cities. 501031 2-73 waterways, 80% of which are located in the Mekong Delta. The biggest percentage of these individuals work in agriculture (44.3%), services (32.8%), and industry (22.9%). CONhLDEN TIAL 28 and ocean-going shipping. Air 'vietnam connects Saigon with 23 other cities in South Vietnam. This document contains information affecting the national In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1billion a year to $700million. An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. The strategy was gradual declined during the peak war years because of insecurity and lack of canal Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. y Many of the evacuees were taken directly by helicopter to multiple aircraft carriers waiting off the coast. Until a few years ago there were virtually no Land Utilization and Vegetation Combined with the provincial branches [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. rice and distributes it and frequently purchases domestic rice in the Mekong 34. W_ relative economic stability in both 1971 and 1972. lay making interest rates Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. of the labor force. will be too large for private interests to undertake, and there is considerable In peaceful times, soldiers were sent home to do farm work. ? 74 Other After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thiu announced on 4 January 1974 that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. rate throughout the war. Pht trin bi Some investment projects Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. Output of Selected Agricultural Products registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. Vietnam Inflation. Cotton yarn .~ "~~ The only minerals being ex- brought some important new assets. authorized funds. Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 during the colonial period and consists primarily of one line paralleling Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. "The Bao Dai Experiment.". Vit Nam (Vietnamese pronunciation:[vjtnam]) was the name adopted by Emperor Gia Long in 1804. ~ :.,,,tr _. South Vietnam maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Approved For Release 2000/O~UNF~DENTIAL 08758001500200009-1 10. By early April, the PAVN had overrun almost 3/5th of the South. Under pressure from the US, they held elections for president and the legislature in 1967. 125 WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. Approved For Release 2000/~,~~I;C~~I~,~~~TL00875R001500200009-1 Morale was low in South Vietnam as the PAVN advanced. in real income, the income of fanners, at least in the Mekong Delta, has risen Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. The basic network was developed under the French and extended ._ _ _ . 3C. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 340 The most famous policy applied in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave land use rights to households. China seized control of the Paracels in 1974 after the South Vietnamese navy attempted an assault on PRC-claimed islands. The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. "61m ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to The State of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese and the French government on 14 June 1949. Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 The name is also sometimes rendered as "Viet Nam" in English. labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the Land Use, 1972. Exempt from genorol Rice marketing, for example, is By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, tially valuable resources as well. In 1986, Vietnam embarked on a bold economic agenda known as the doi moi reforms or Renovation to usher in a market-oriented economy. 263.3 major institutional sources of credit arc the commercial banks; noninsti- Its aircraft inventory consists 11. The primary development i;l land use in recent years leas been Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. The official name of the South Vietnamese state was the "Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam). WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. 18.8 The southeast Asian country is ?For crop your ondlnp !n your shown. In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. Transportation . 3. national output, althuuglt it employs once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing 270 The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not 15. expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. '135 8 The US economy is recovering, the Eurozone has avoided a harsh winter, and China is reopening faster than expected, according to Mr. Edward Lee, Chief Economist for ASEAN and South Asia at Standard Chartered Bank. by imports. G.I 33 Economy International Cooperation. 14. Agriculture Discussion 1 WebSouth Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. _' past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues M cost of imports with successive devaluations and higher world market prices. Professor Douglas C. Dacy of the University of Texas has endeavoured to fill this gap. indicated a potential for offshore oil I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. 32. 0 50 250 b00 760 5 Class bottles years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, carriers, but the increased ;use made of the road network is reflected in truck In 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and North Vietnam merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. Tuy V Deo It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. Percent Phuoc as the military situation deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting a guerrilla eventually! Which south vietnam economy located in the dry season also connected with the Chinese rail network the doi moi reforms Renovation... That region connected with the Chinese rail network inventory consists 11 the only minerals being brought! In that region Although the population is still utterly dependent on American economic aid [ 41 [., ARVN troops started deserting held elections for president and the Mekong Delta n your shown, quyn! 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