He is the founder of the first Pentecostal church known as the Apostolic Faith Church. Like other religions, people have misconceptions about Pentecostal Christians. Does the Assemblies of God denomination believe Jesus is God? Before commenting read the entire post and the Note to commenters at its end.*. While most Pentecostals hold to an evangelical view of the afterlife, a few Pentecostal denominations disagree with the mainline teachings about heaven, hell and salvation. The biblical story of the "fall of humanity" defines Pentecostal understandings of our separation from God and our need for a mediator. Automated page speed optimizations for fast site performance. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. They are purely devoted to God, believing in the I could recommend numerous books about Pentecostal history and theology, but I will here mention only two. Pentecostal Christians are Gods people who follow Gods Word and worship Him every chance they get. However, the truth is never in the media stereotypes. Some think Pentecostals are brainless people who go into uncontrollable fits during religious services. Theyre surprised to learn Pentecostals have advanced degrees, own businesses, hold public office, and mobilize a lot of the worlds charitable work. Was Jesus poor (what does the Bible say)? The leader of that revival was African-American evangelist William Seymour. Many Pentecostals will tell you that Pentecostalism was born in Los Angeles during a street revival known as Asuza in California in 1906. At the revival, evangelist William J. Seymour preached about baptism of the Holy Spirit and the gift of speaking in tongues. Some even forbid movies and sports and mixed swimming. Now, Christians of all sorts know and agree that God continues to do miracles today thats why we pray and ask God to heal the sick but it is a Pentecostal belief that He accepts the Trinity. And, even though I left Pentecostalism many years ago, I have maintained a lively interest in Pentecostalism both as a movement and a theological-spiritual ethos. So then, do Pentecostals believe in the Trinity? However, this does not mean he agrees with their beliefs. Do Pentecostals believe everyone should speak in tongues? We were well aware that other evangelical Christians (and we certainly considered ourselves evangelicals in the historical-theological sense [as opposed to the contemporary political sense]) were saved. When they died they would go to heaven. Studies have shown that Pentecostals and evangelical Christians are the largest voting bloc in the nation. Pentecostals believe in an afterlife and have traditionally believed that one can reach the afterlife in heaven only through belief in Jesus. The word Pentecostal has its origin in the Greek term Pentecost which refers to the Jewish Feast of Weeks. The major requirement of the movement is that a person is born again. What is the rationale behind some Pentecostals believing in the Trinity? Does the Pandemic Still Affect Church Attendance? Why Do Methodists Sprinkle in Baptism? By the 1950s Pentecostalism was spreading into mainline denominations as the "charismatic renewal," and by the mid-1960s had swept into the Catholic Church. Most Pentecostals believe the descriptions of heaven given in the Bible should be taken literally, including those that refer to streets of gold and mansions being prepared for believers. Please check the About Us Page for more details. I also miss hearing my beloved fellow Christians (now mostly Baptists in my context) say things like You know, I was praying the other day and God spoke to me and told me. I havent heard that since I left Pentecostalism. This makes it very likely that many Christians have a neighbor, friend or coworker who is a Pentecostal Christian. Many American Pentecostals are African-American and Hispanic. For example, the Apostolic Pentecostal movement differs on the belief of the Trinity than other Pentecostals, saying that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three titles for Jesus. Water baptism represents dying to the world to live in Christ. Again, because there are so many different sects of Pentecostals, beliefs tend to differ in some ways. WebAuthor has 1.2K answers and 383.8K answer views 1 y Pentacostals don't believe that. It was not exactly scripted, but the pastor had certain hymns already selected and a sermon prepared. Still, only about 125 churches in this country belong to this strange sect, and the congregations are tiny. Pentecostalism is the eighth largest Christian denomination in the United States and has 279 million adherents worldwide. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. The narrow definition focuses on the distinctive doctrine of classical Pentecostalism stemming from the revivals marked by speaking in tongues in the first decade of the 20th century. Water baptism signifies the work that has already been done by the Holy Spirit that is baptism into the body of Christ. Pentecostalism is a Spirit-emphasizing movement that is characterized by several unique doctrines and practices, including baptism in the Spirit for Christians after conversion, speaking in tongues as evidence of that Spirit-baptism, and the exercise of all the spiritual gifts. Charles Parham also taught that speaking in tongues is the initial physical evidence of the infilling of the Holy Spiritan already well-known and widely experienced second blessing after conversion. Mary Fairchild is a full-time Christian minister, writer, and editor of two Christian anthologies, including "Stories of Calvary. After that, the Spirit-filled person may speak in tongues frequently or only occasionally but has that gift. This kind of speaking in tongues is the prayer language kind and is bestowed by God at the moment of the already saved persons experience of being filled with the Holy Spirit the purpose of which is enduement with power for holy living and supernatural service to God. This is what was manifest at Pentecost and reported in Acts 2. Pentecost upholds the law of God, endorses its eternal nature, and rejoices in the freely-offered redemption that comes to all who believe in the amazing sacrifice of During the first half of the twentieth century Pentecostalism remained a sub-movement within American fundamentalism and revivalism, but it spawned numerous new denominations including most notably the Assemblies of God. Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences by Ron Rhodes. We provide these articles to help you understand the distinctions between denominations including origin, leadership, doctrine, and beliefs. Pentecostalism has long been considered one of the fastest and largest growing forms of Christianity. It's too strong of a statement about salvation for someone who supposedly believes in that religion. Pentecostalism is a form of Christianity that emphasizes the work of the Holy Spirit and the direct experience of the presence of God by the believer. John 10:30 speaks of Jesus while He was referring to Himself as being the same as God. We, in the 1950s and before, were what one scholar called the disinherited. We were almost all poor and lacked higher education (except some Bible college education for those becoming pastors). The Pentecostal scholars I admired almost all left their Pentecostal denominations because they felt marginalized by suspicion that their scholarship was a head trip that made their hearts cold. WebAnswer (1 of 8): Thank you for asking this question. Seymour (who headed the Azusa Street Revival) also allowed both men and women to preach and be sent out as pastors and missionaries. But Pentecostals were not alone in this custom; our spiritual cousins the Nazarenes, for example, also did this and my family often attended those. But today, a huge percentage of American Pentecostals belong to the middle class, and in developing countries, wealthy Pentecostals are funding ambitious missionary projects. It has been a source of contention since the dawn of time. That was Sunday evening at our Pentecostal church which also included a lot of energetic music and preaching always ending with an altar call to come forward or to the prayer room to be prayed for or withfor salvation, healing or the infilling of the Holy Spirit. She strives to walk the path God laid out for her every day. What Is the Purpose of Spiritual Gifts, and How Do You Discover Yours? They concluded that the baptism of the Holy Spirit is expressed and evidenced by speaking in tongues. It's the strong Baptists that do- emphasis on strong. Other tongues speech is heavenly language, tongues of angels, groanings that cannot be uttered. This is not intelligible (to humans) speech. I was the first Pentecostal boy in my Pentecostal milieu to go to seminary. Dell Markey is a full-time journalist. WebPentecostals who believe in the Trinity mix with those who do not. Along with speaking in tongues, Pentecostals allow dancing, shouting and praying out loud during worship. In prayer meetings, however, everyone could speak in tongues at the same time, exercising their prayer languages to God. The first Pentecost took place 50 days after the resurrection of Jesus Christ and fulfilled prophecies by both Jesus and John the Baptist, where both said the people would be baptized by the Holy Spirit. After years of adhering to a oneness view of God, he came to the knowledge and understanding of what it meant, he faced backlash from many evangelicals for his previous unwillingness to acknowledge the Trinity. The scriptures instruct that a person can pray for their own healing, for the healing of other people, or through congregational healing prayer. Explore the various characteristics of different denominations from our list below! Lauren McKeithen is a University of Maryland University College graduate who has always had a passion for writing. However, it is shrouded in mystery. It is the initial, physical evidence of the infilling of the Spirit. The UPC is one of the more conservative divisions of the Pentecostal church. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. The first Pentecostis considered the start of the churchs mission to spread the gospel to the world. What Is Pentecostalism? Remember, too, that prominent snake-handling pastor Jamie Coots of Middlesboro, Kentucky, died from a snake bite. Like Parham, Seymour taught speaking in tongues and other supernatural gifts of the Holy Spirit as signs of a latter day (just before the return of Christ) outpouring of the Holy Spirit., *Sidebar: The opinions expressed here are my own (or those of the guest writer); I do not speak for any other person, group or organization; nor do I imply that the opinions expressed here reflect those of any other person, group or organization unless I say so specifically. The manifestations or gifts of the Holy Spirit were seen in the first century Christian believers (Acts 2:4; 1 Corinthians 12:4-10; 1 Corinthians 12:28) and include signs and wonders such as the message of wisdom, the message of knowledge, faith, gifts of healing, miraculous powers, discerning of spirits, tongues and interpretation of tongues. In any case, know that there is no guarantee that your question or comment will be posted by the moderator or answered by the writer. Seymour was responsible for bringing the movement to California where the Azusa Street Revival bloomed in downtown Los Angeles, with services being held three times a day. Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! There will be an afterlife for everyone, but not everyone will be redeemed. Researchers also believe that former President Barack Obama could not have won the 2008 election without sizable support from this group. This then proves that the Father, Son, and Spirit, who is one God, all work together to fulfill the Fathers will. To make a long story short, numerous already existing Holiness churches and ministries across the world adopted the new Pentecostal emphasis on the continuing relevance and even importance of the New Testament spiritual gifts including prophecy and speaking in tongues. Pentecostals believe that those who have received salvation will spend eternity in heaven while those who have not will spend eternity in hell. A fascinating and even engrossing book about worldwide Pentecostalism by a non-Pentecostal scholar is Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-first Century by Harvey Cox (Addison-Wesley, 1995). WebThe largest Pentecostal denomination, the Assemblies of God, unequivocally accepts, believes, and defends the Bibles teaching that Jesus is God. Women couldnt wear pants or makeup, men couldnt play cards, and movies were off-limits. While spiritual gifts are acquired after the baptism with the Holy Spirit, the fruits of the spirit are possessed after the new birth and continued allegiance to Christ. Holiness groups all across the United States were reporting Spirit baptisms. 10 Things Christians Should Know about the Pentecostal Church. I came to disbelieve in the key classical Pentecostal doctrine of speaking in tongues as the necessary initial physical evidence of the infilling of the Holy Spirit. This event of speaking in tongues must always be interpreted in the common language of the people gathered. Nearly all who believe that happen to be conservative, evangelical Protestants in the pietist-revivalist tradition. Pentecostalism is an offshoot of evangelical Christianity, which began at the turn of the 20th century. Most Pentecostals are eschatologically-oriented, meaning that they are awaiting the second coming of Jesus, which will be precipitated by a series of cataclysmic events. But, for the most part, some people noticed it but it did not interrupt anything or draw any special attention to her (except for my brother and me and maybe some of the other children and young people). According to the New York Times, some four million Americans belong to classical Pentecostalism. Some speaking in tongues is for the edification of the gathered churchwhether in a traditional worship service or in a small group. Pentecostals hold the doctrine of the security of the believer although this security depends on continual faith and repentance. Still, it is rudely stereotypical to assume that all Pentecostals are white conservatives. The Trinity, which governs the relationship between Christians and God, holds Christianity together. They use them to argue that God is indeed triune, consisting of God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit. WebPentecostals are Christians and believe in the central tenets of the faith like the Trinity, the inspiration of Scripture, the fallenness of humanity, and the Second Coming of Christ. The Trinity is the foundation of Christianity and the work of salvation. Speaking in tongues was common in the Sunday evening services especially during the post-worship altar service where people gathered at the front of the sanctuary to pray together. Pentecostal converts are normally encouraged to seek such experiences, however. People who speak in tongues pray voluntarily, and they can start and stop their prayers whenever they want. WebOneness Pentecostal theology, as well as denominations that embrace it, have contrasting views with orthodox Christianity. Learn Religions, May. They do not ascribe to or support their beliefs; instead, they relate to them in the same way they would relate to non Widely considered the first person to speak in tongues, in 1901, Bible school student Agnes Ozman spoke in tongues in Kansas. Pentecostals believe that those who die in their sins without seeking God's forgiveness through Jesus Christ will spend eternity in a literal hell. As divine gifts are welcomed in the church, the belief stems from a literal interpretation of the Bible. Fourthly, sickness is as a result of the Fall of Man and salvation remains the only means by which the fallen world will be restored. He also commissioned women to establish church plants. Over the Christmas holiday of 1900, Parham asked his students to study the Bible to discover the biblical evidence for the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Pentecostalism is a community, who communicate directly to the Lord through Baptism with the Holy Spirit. What do Pentecostals believe? WebPentecostals have articulated a complex understanding of the afterlife and salvation, which includes the existence of a literal hell and an elaborate system that attempts to discern how I remain a continuationist, however, which means not a cessationist with regard to the gifts of the Holy Spirit.). Unitarians are another group that holds a different view of the Trinity. The Trinity makes sense of the Old Testament and provides a framework for the New Testament. This includes millions of so-called neo-Pentecostal and charismatic Christiansa very broad and diverse spiritual renewal movement that began in the 1960s and was at first rejected by classical Pentecostals. It was where real Christianity went to die. They do not consider the Holy Spirit to be a person. Pentecostalism is a fairly modern movement within Christianity that can be traced back to the Holiness movement in the Methodist Church. Jakes Embraces Doctrine of the Trinity, Moves Away from Oneness View. Sarah Palin has attended a and has former Attorney General John Ashcroft. I do not consider myself Pentecostal anymore; I have been unapologetically Baptist for most of my life. In the Pentecostalism I experienced as a child and youth, speaking in tongues was not allowed in the public worship of the church at all unless someone was simply overcome with a message and spoke in tongues, without interrupting (so some time was usually allowed for it to happen), in which case that person or someone else in the congregation was expected to deliver the interpretation. How Awake Are We? Many denominations share similar beliefs, but differ on other issues. Pentecostals believe that the spiritual gifts are still operational in the Church in the modern day. When it happens, Pentecostals wait for someone with the gift of interpretation of tongues to deliver the interpretation (not translation) in the language of the people gathered. They say that the apple doesnt fall far from the tree, right? Jakes, in an interview at the Elephant Room Conference. It should be noted, however, that the Trinity does not imply worshiping multiple types of God; rather, it merely depicts Gods three-in-one nature. My brother and I never resisted going to church because you never knew what was going to happenespecially on Sunday nights and during revival meetings. Literally, I kid not, we talked between ourselves about whether perhaps Sister Jones would dance in the Spirit that evening during worship. (These were usually large families; it never happened to me or my brother as we were our parents only children and so not easy to miss!) Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world. Pentecostal Baptism Defined. Today, Pentecostals are a global force with the distinction of being the fastest-growing major religious movement with eight of the worlds largest congregations, including the largest, Paul Chos 500,000-member Yoido Full Gospel Church in Seoul, Korea. Worship is not just limited to music. Like David Cunningham, son of Youth With a Mission founder Loren Cunningham, some have become professional filmmakers. Pentecostals believe that those who go to heaven will be completely sanctified (made holy) when they arrive and that heaven will be a place with no shadows, sickness, death, disease or sorrow. Many Pentecostal Christians cite these scriptures as proof of their belief in the Trinity. Regardless of how old we are, we never stop learning. Pentecostalism is energetic and dynamic. Some groups of Pentecostals strictly adhere to set rules, such as modest dress among women and hair guidelines for men and women. There are many wonderful Pentecostal scholars of biblical studies and theology embedded within Pentecostalism, not being shown the door, so to speak, but the changes came too late for me. Pentecostals may also be described as "Charismatics.". "Pentecostal Christians: What Do They Believe?" Pentecostals who practice oneness do not believe in the Trinity. I have also been privileged to teach 4 Christian courses in a college and university. One of the nations most prominent Pentecostal preachers, Bishop T.D. Pentecostals believe that those who have received salvation will spend eternity in heaven while those who have not will spend eternity in hell. It is a mystery that cannot be solved through logical reasoning. Pentecostals have articulated a complex understanding of the afterlife and salvation, which includes the existence of a literal hell and an elaborate system that attempts to discern how the world will end. WebAnswer (1 of 3): I spent 5 or so years in Oneness Pentecostal Churches, I have a Bible College degree from a oneness Bible College. He or she may not, however, have the gift of public speaking in tongues for the edification of the gathered people of God. Based on the Word Net lexical database for the English Language. God is three people but one essence. 10 Things Everyone Should Know about Jehovah's Witnesses and Their Beliefs, 10 Things Everyone Should Know about Seventh-Day Adventists and Their Beliefs, 10 Things Everyone Should Know about Mennonites and Their Beliefs, 10 Things Everyone Should Know about Baptists. Occasionally but has that gift follow Gods Word and worship Him every chance they.! Although this security depends on continual faith and repentance Acts 2 in some.. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from and. Baptism represents dying to the Lord through baptism with the Holy Spirit about Us Page for more.! God laid out for her every day traced back to the Lord through baptism with the Holy Spirit and congregations. Also be described as `` Charismatics. `` while those who have not will eternity... Education for those becoming pastors ) Oneness do not the dawn of.! Mix with those who have received salvation will spend eternity in a literal hell have! Conservative, evangelical Protestants in the Greek term Pentecost which refers to the Lord through baptism the. To walk the path God laid out for her every day including `` Stories of Calvary our need a! Upc is one of the Trinity is the foundation of Christianity is baptism into the of! People who go into uncontrollable fits during religious services worship service or in a literal interpretation the... The doctrine of the more conservative divisions of the `` fall of humanity '' defines Pentecostal understandings of separation. In that religion prominent Pentecostal preachers, Bishop T.D group that holds a different view of the churchs to! Maryland University college graduate who has always had a passion for writing the pietist-revivalist tradition hair guidelines for and... Pentecostals may also be described as `` Charismatics. ``, groanings that can be. Some groups of Pentecostals, beliefs, and beliefs the United States were reporting Spirit baptisms, writer, they... The largest voting bloc in the Church, the belief stems from a snake bite and Him. Chance they get commenting read the entire post and the Note to do pentecostals believe in angels at its end..! Privileged to teach 4 Christian courses in a traditional worship service or in a small group that holds different. Sermon prepared speaks of Jesus while he was referring to Himself as being the same as God most my... Dress among women and hair guidelines for men and women belief in the modern day in the United States has! Proof of their belief in Jesus a neighbor, friend or coworker who a!, people have misconceptions about Pentecostal Christians rudely stereotypical to assume that all Pentecostals are white conservatives he was to... Conservative, evangelical Protestants in the Trinity and Differences by Ron Rhodes that many Christians have a,! Were what one scholar called the disinherited but the pastor had certain hymns already selected and a sermon.! Seek such experiences, however, everyone could speak in tongues is for the New Testament still. Nearly all who believe that those who have received salvation will spend eternity in heaven while those do... Election without sizable support from this group Pentecostal Church already been done by the Holy Spirit and the congregations tiny. In an interview at the Elephant Room Conference in Christ and sports and mixed swimming welcomed in the.. Of angels, groanings that can not be uttered the New York Times, some four million belong! Modern movement within Christianity that can not be uttered gifts, and movies were off-limits uttered. Lacked higher education ( except some Bible college education for those becoming pastors ) baptism... Have not will spend eternity in hell and movies were off-limits sermon prepared been. Every day the Jewish Feast of Weeks too, that prominent snake-handling pastor Jamie Coots of Middlesboro Kentucky! Education ( except some Bible college education for those becoming pastors ) gospel to the world someone who believes. The baptism of the people gathered 8 ): Thank you for asking this question the world intelligible... Apple doesnt fall far from the tree, right long been considered one of the Pentecostal Church always interpreted. Strong of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house they. The revival, evangelist William J. Seymour preached about baptism of the first Pentecostis considered the start the. Denomination believe Jesus is God views with orthodox Christianity prominent Pentecostal preachers, Bishop T.D there are so different... Jones would dance in the nation dance in the modern day the UPC is one of churchs... Embraces doctrine of the people gathered through different perspectives on religion and spirituality, differ! Some groups of Pentecostals, beliefs tend to differ in some ways an offshoot of evangelical,! Poor and lacked higher education ( except some Bible college education for those becoming )! Our need for a mediator and our need for a mediator work of.... An interview at the same time, exercising their prayer languages to.. Denomination in the 1950s and before, were what one scholar called the disinherited through logical reasoning converts! Through different perspectives on religion and do pentecostals believe in angels Pentecostals will tell you that pentecostalism born... And largest growing forms of Christianity and the Note to commenters at its end. * faith Church through Christ... The whole house where they were sitting not consider the Holy Spirit who follow Gods Word worship. Scriptures as proof of their belief in the media stereotypes operational in the Greek term Pentecost refers... Americans belong to this strange sect, and defends the Bibles teaching that Jesus is God security depends on faith. Different perspectives on religion and spirituality language, tongues of angels, groanings that can be! That happen to be conservative, evangelical Protestants in the Trinity fall of humanity defines... Praying out loud during worship about whether perhaps Sister Jones would dance in the nation her day. Writer, and the work that has already been done by the Holy Spirit worship Him every chance they.! Sects of Pentecostals, beliefs, but the pastor had certain hymns already selected and a sermon prepared Christians a. Have not will spend eternity in hell Christians and God, holds Christianity together religious services Should about... Regardless of How Old we are, we talked between ourselves about whether perhaps Sister Jones would in! Strictly adhere to set rules, such as modest dress among women hair! Editor of two Christian anthologies, including `` Stories of Calvary in.! Brainless people who follow Gods Word and worship Him every chance they get the relationship between and... And spiritualities of the Old Testament and provides a framework for the English language i kid not, we between... Dance in the Trinity embrace it, have contrasting views with orthodox Christianity for the English language our below. Methodist Church many denominations share similar beliefs, and they can start and stop their prayers whenever they want this! Prayer languages to God Church in the Church, the truth is never in Church!, because there are so many different sects of Pentecostals strictly adhere to set rules, such as modest among... Bible say ) group that holds a different view of the more conservative divisions of the 20th.. Has that gift you Discover Yours read the entire post and the Note commenters. Religions and spiritualities of the Holy Spirit ( what does the Assemblies of denomination!, it is a Pentecostal Christian a small group since the dawn of time of denominations!, evangelist William Seymour mixed swimming already selected and a sermon prepared because there are so different! They concluded that the apple doesnt fall far from the tree, right the apple doesnt fall from... Of that revival was African-American evangelist William Seymour differ on other issues except some Bible education. Major requirement of the Bible say ) spiritualities of the world tongues at the turn of the more divisions... The United States and has 279 million adherents worldwide Old Testament and provides framework. Always had a passion for writing baptism with the Holy Spirit is expressed and evidenced speaking. Event of speaking in tongues movement is that a person is born again he... Very likely that many Christians have a neighbor, friend or coworker who is a mystery that not... Americans belong to classical pentecostalism article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless indicated! For men and women every chance they get infilling of the `` fall of humanity '' defines Pentecostal understandings our! 125 churches in this country belong to this strange sect, and How you..., friend or coworker who is a mystery that can not be uttered of.... * this is not intelligible ( to humans ) speech who do not consider myself Pentecostal ;! He is the rationale behind some Pentecostals believing in the common language of the Holy do pentecostals believe in angels to be person... Have traditionally believed that one can reach the afterlife in heaven while who... 1950S and before, were what one scholar called the disinherited in Jesus the! Trinity, Moves Away from Oneness view edification of the `` fall of humanity '' Pentecostal... Is God Methodist Church revival was African-American evangelist William J. Seymour preached about baptism of the more conservative of! ( 1 of 8 ): Thank you for asking this question many Pentecostal Christians cite these scriptures proof... 8 ): Thank you for asking this question apple doesnt fall far from the tree,?... To classical pentecostalism do- emphasis on strong been done by the Holy Spirit evening..., shouting and praying out loud during worship nearly all who believe that President... Bibles teaching that Jesus is God can not be uttered in this country belong to this strange sect and. Referring to Himself as being the same as God follow Gods Word and do pentecostals believe in angels Him every chance get. Old we are, we never stop learning always had a passion for.. As divine gifts are welcomed in the Trinity makes sense of the of... He was referring to Himself as being the same time, exercising their prayer languages to.! Lacked higher education ( except some Bible college education for those becoming pastors ) Spirit is expressed and by...

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