Available through NEXIS Library: NEWS File: CURNWS. Another exchange of approximately 1,240 U.S. nationals and 260 nationals of other American republics and Canada was concluded in October 1943. According to a recent account, the IWG has declassified some 1.5 million pages of records dealing with Nazi war crimes, and now the IWG is initiating a second phase, examining records related to Japanese war crimes.116. He estimates that 4,477 of the survivors are alive as of January 1, 2003.10, According to Dr. Stenger, figures for civilian internees are less solid. The New York Times cites the ongoing testimony of Yoshio Shinozuka, a member of Unit 731, and other Unit 731 members in a court case brought by Chinese victims of Unit 731 in Tokyo district court. Res. On September 25, 1980, Bonham, aged 32, died. Betty Lee, who also testified on James' behalf, kncw James through her daughter, who Dr. Stenger lists 27,465 POWs in the Pacific, of whom 11,107 died while in detention. And to a point, it was exhausting talking to him. See also Holmes, Unjust Enrichment, p.38. Although no floor action occurred on S. 1902, a similar but slightly more restrictive provision renaming the existing Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group (IWG) as the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group117 and extending the life of the IWG through the end of December 2003 and directing it to search out, recommend for declassification, and make public all appropriate classified Japanese Imperial Government records concerning medical experimentation or persecution was inserted into H.R. "Premier of Japan Offers 'Apology' for Its War Acts," New York Times, Aug. 15, 1995, p. A1. See U.S. Department of State, Office of the Legal Advisor, The U.S.-Germany Nazi Persecution (Princz) Agreement, handout, 1999? Bailey, Ronald H., and the editors of Time-Life Books. 56, USS Houston CL81 War Damage Report No. Documentary Produced by: Claudia Faust (Executive Producer), Devon Henry, and Jordan Spurgeon. 105-246, the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act which established a Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group (IWG) with a 3-year term to review and declassify any records which pertained to any person who "ordered, incited, assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any person because of race, religion, national origin, or political opinion." War Claims Compensation U.S. Congress, House, Veterans Affairs Committee, Subcommittee on Compensation, Pension, and Insurance, Treatment of American Prisoners of War in Manchuria, hearings, 99th Cong., 2nd sess., Sept. 17, 1986 (Washington: GPO, 1986), p. 16. McAfee was awaiting extradition in a Spanish prison after being charged . I medically retired, which I acted like it didnt bother me but it did, Zach said. 32. The Australian government plans payments of AUS$25,000 (U.S. $12,750) for each of 2,700 Australian survivors of Japanese POW camps. "Human Guinea Pigs 'Advanced Medical Science'; Japan/The Shame of Unit 731," The Independent (London), Apr. The speakers who eulogized Zach had all coached him, played football or baseball with him, or grown up with him. 79. Zach Hoffpauir. 99. art. According to Holmes's research, approximately 25,000 U.S. POWs were forced to labor for Japanese companies.59 POWs reportedly were sent to work in the Japanese home islands, Formosa (Taiwan), northeast China, Manchuria (Manchukuo), and Korea. 35. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1994. The Influenza Epidemic of 1918 by Carla R. Morrisey, RN, BSN, Influenza of 1918 (Spanish Flu) and the US Navy, Philadelphia, Nurses, and the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918. 11. 120. One Zach Hoffpauir was unwaveringly committed to his faith and to his family. Mr. Rosenbaum wrote that Two of these [formerly classified] reports [about biological warfare data collected by the Japanese and the arrangement made between the United States and Lieutenant General Shiro Ishii, the commander of Unit 731], dated November 17, 1981, and May 5, 1982, confirm that Ishii and his colleagues received immunity from prosecution and that, in exchange, they provided a great deal of information to U.S. authorities.91, According to news accounts, Gen. Ishii returned to Japan after the war where he was permitted to continue medical research, was paid a Japanese government pension, and died of cancer in 1959.92 Moreover, many of Ishii's chief lieutenants occupied prominent positions in post-war Japanese society.93 According to one news account, the several hundred remaining members of Unit 731 were still holding their annual reunion in Japan as of 1999.94, In the 20-year controversy over whether Americans were experimented on, the chief problem has been the lack of documentary evidence to support anecdotal accounts. Doug is trying to partner with Boston University and their CTE research. See Unmasking Horror - A special report; Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity, New York Times, Mar. Copy faxed to the author on July 5, 2000 by Eli M. Rosenbaum, Director, Office of Special Investigations, Department of Justice. 83 (1867) Proclamation Issued by President Johnson, General Order No. It is evident, however, that the number of POWs and internees who might be eligible for compensation is small and rapidly dwindling. 8, Notes on Writing Naval (not Navy) English, The Offensive Navy Since World War II: How Big and Why, A Brief Summary, Office of Naval Records and Library 1882-1946, Officers and Key Personnel Attached to the Office of Naval Records and Library 1882-1946, Officers of the Continental Navy and Marine Corps, Officers of Navy Yards, Shore Stations, and Vessels, 1 January 1865, Officers of the Continental and U.S. Navy and Marine Corps 1775-1900, Continental Marine Corps Officers: 1775-1785, Target Ships Sunk During Test Able 1 July 1946, Target Ships Sunk During Test Baker 25 July 1946, Operation NEPTUNE - The Invasion of Normandy, Chapter 1: THE STRATEGIC BACKGROUND OF OVERLORD, Chapter 2: PLANNING AND PREPARATION FOR CROSS-CHANNEL (OVERLORD) OPERATIONS, Chapter 3: THE STRATEGIC BACKGROUND OF OVERLORD, Chapter 5: Naval Preparations for Cross-Channel Operations, Chapter 7: Defensive Measures - NEPTUNE Operation, Chapter 8: Bombardment and Other Defensive Operations Against Enemy Land Forces, Chapter 10: The Build-up for the Battle of France, Operation NEPTUNE Administrative History's Table of Contents, Operations of the Navy and Marine Corps in the Philippine Archipelago, Operations of the Seventh Amphibious Force, OPNAV [Office of the Chief of Naval Operations] Acronyms, Our Vanishing History and Traditions - Knox, Admiral Nimitz's Pacific Fleet Confidential Letter on Lessons of Damage in Typhoon, Personnel Casualties Suffered by Third Fleet, 17-18 December 1944, Compiled from Official Sources, Aircraft Losses Suffered by Third Fleet, 17-18 December 1944, Compiled From Official Sources, Extracts Relating to the Typhoon from Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet Report, Extracts from Commander Carrier Division Six Report, Extract from Report of Task Group Thirty-eight point one, Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement, The Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941 - Overview, "Pearl Harbor Revisited: USN Communications Intelligence", USS Arizona - Reports by Survivors of Pearl Harbor Attack, USS California- Reports by Survivors of Pearl Harbor Attack, USS Maryland - Reports by Survivors of Pearl Harbor Attack, USS Oklahoma - Reports by Survivors of Pearl Harbor Attack, USS Tennessee - Report by Survivor of Pearl Harbor Attack, USS West Virginia - Reports by Survivors of Pearl Harbor Attack, Pearl Harbor: Why, How, Fleet Salvage and Final Appraisal, Personal Identification Tags or "Dog Tags", BUREAU OF NAVIGATION CIRCULAR LETTER NO. Nevertheless it is also recognized that the resources of Japan are not presently sufficient, if it is to maintain a viable economy, to make complete reparation for all such damage and suffering and at the same time meet its other obligations. 4044, 80th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 90 (1869) Uniform Changes, General Order No. Doug could tell he was cognizant of and upset by his mood changes. London, New York: Routledge, 1994. Holmes asserts that, unlike the German industrialists whose detailed and voluminous records were captured by swift moving Allied invasion forces, the Japanese industrialists had ample time between the announcement of the surrender and actual landing of occupation forces almost 3 weeks later to hide, burn, or otherwise destroy evidence. 58, Summary of War Damage to U. S. Battleships, Carriers, Cruisers and Destroyers 17 October, 1941 to 7 December, 1942, USS Birmingham CL62 War Damage Report No. Thats why he chose Stanford, and as things got difficult there, its why he never chose to quit. POWs Held by Japan to Get Compensation," Asian Political News, Apr. Of the approximately 19,000 American civilian internees held in WWII, close to 14,000 were captured and interned by Japan. None of the death sentences was carried out. Two days after Zach passed, he messaged Doug on Instagram to tell him that Zach saved his life. Leave a legacy. Treaty of Peace with Japan Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 883. ), Documents, Official and Unofficial, Relating to the Capture and Destruction of the Frigate Philadelphia at Tripoli - 1850, Documents Related to the Resignation of the German Commander in Chief, Navy, Grand Admiral Raeder and to the Decommissioning of the German High Seas Fleet, DoD Rules for Military Commissions - 2006, Elementary Map and Aerial Photograph Reading, Emancipation Proclamation, Navy general Order No. Of the 50,000 or so Filipino troops at O'Donnell, he says at a rough estimate 25,000 or 50% died.48, Thousands of American POWs were reportedly transported to work in the Philippines, Japan, China, Thailand, and Korea in prison vessels known as "Hell Ships." Major air, land, and sea battles took place on and around the European landmass, the Mediterranean, Asia, North Africa, the Far East, the Atlantic, the Pacific, and elsewhere. Alabama by U.S.S. Statistics on WWII POWs and Internees from the Center for Internee Rights, Inc. He was only there for a month and a half before the COVID-19 pandemic sent him home. Still, two deaths isn't enough for an Outer Banks finale, and so the showrunners toss in a third: Big John, who only just reappeared in John B.'s life this season. I was like, I dont want him thinking anything other than Stanford, Doug said. After going to a mental health facility and not figuring out the problem, Doug texted McCaffrey to tell him what was going on. There are reports that he overindulged, but more sober chroniclers mention dysentery. On Untold, Zach shared how a psychologist helped him learn how his sense of self-worth had plummeted after Stanford because he felt he was no longer living up to external expectations. The POWs described being starved, beaten by company employees, and forced to do hard manual labor for companies including Nippon Steel Corporation, Mitsui Mining, and Mitsubishi Mining.120. 4, 1999, p. A12. 59. The letter from Yoshida contained the following sentence: the Government of Japan does not consider that the Government of the Netherlands by signing the Treaty has itself expropriated the private claims of its nationals so that, as a consequence thereof, after the treaty comes into force these claims would be non-existent.147 However, the next paragraph of the letter that Clemmons cites, which was not quoted in the New York Times op-ed, states: However, the Japanese government points out that, under the Treaty, Allied nationals will not be able to obtain satisfaction regarding such claims, although, as the Netherlands government suggests, there are certain types of private claims by Allied nationals which the Japanese government might wish voluntarily to deal with. 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