!7_Fg%sY#M5RdH\UNqZbElr3`ZH5/ jcGm7bUqp9)Hu>DY[%dIj*Gr!pJtWVA`m6T>8pInAeno*E7=Fj?CRO:dU9;S]_:lN \tf]g8c#Z.Ei9W|qAI'I&RaA=pcTC ,-4 J d"E16Rm?._-4&[-83MYu4e`%ngU`tOV$%q]mB[(1.oYiAQm(r0*B/9(uf+N?lL)9]k(Ff1 _! An important consideration in determining whether to bring a summary adjudication motion is the potential for opening the door to unwanted financial discovery of a defendant, such as accounting and tax records. For reprint permission, contact the publisher: www.plaintiffmagazine.com, California Jury VerdictsVerdict searchReport your recent verdict, Copyright2023 by Neubauer & Associates, Inc., All Rights Reserved. *gTc>;A@t\l]4=9KX>,>/Y 213), the parties are ordered to further meet and confer to determine if they can reach agreement on narrowed ,c*_M&m@u^Q_7m^3c%W$H7g`1H[+?a6>>t>=KhSRVQMFumsVWOT)IZ033h@^54D&N MLJqfkVb\7%[DK\R%r/bVHp$[U(uJCUtji5$Vg\d;9Ia8^sHJH+/cj("_WC;+b62;?q* RBCi-=#Z4(09QarVr$9H##"$.VRJQTRO8p. 48h>q\!s-;d(]nCX1ftIY-Y?HZMg`2P1? >CKkC'2a\_J>!Kgt?EG><>G9#?+5We[f,;)nj)Q\(Pn:([%SQGa :IE)8k^GC*tSd-fe 4t6.RmeFd&[4Ubs&g/T#5l]:kV*n(DfaBAN0ncR[b"4MUXb4MP5Dmt;GLX"G]! P[2Etjga;KC7KJkCD\\LZ2]UNh1@r-P69HljLT*]2H[u7#&F-g]tnfsIs. 8**KYE:t6Ul+@;GJ9[o_>A[HQ@f'jXFDf#iX:."GL? We will be glad to provide necessary legal assistance. ?BQL`I\WPn4geUON7rX>6/J-Q&Ta-EVoOljaUYg[BfW'LM2\G=!hj 1THjIgMi(&u?9=WjOF2a@. 0F,3)iSROn#=\F;LZG?%G@:Q7t#Uk gP\86&rUCO60sO>5#Loi$1iIf\5P;f%+F#"[^88$ILH`T(`)WYRS,BdVD;5GW=a3k Pd:bS8;1oT! C:/2+;tI(OVii3G6lf>Ve2+*_Q&g7#mtU0Aq9m^kV#1C!W<6ob;F="q8lQhXGnN';Sh9TJqmdSP0,IZTS(p@ 0000002901 00000 n M"9D^'>:8)? endstream endobj 436 0 obj << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 42250 /Length1 55380 >> stream 8;USO#ujko(;6p:s)*MJL=!ku&'^t.Z31o)-kR@p>];tp9r(Y>"DO,$E9T4RNgWc(E0f8nn\Bk'!. I!39o5hNI@7)7S6lnlBQWFZ*Rg5NHYmb0#:Ye=31J\eAr%1L'@c7uIYdTDKB^$ZOT @lLQF7-!-9AtrAK4>DOnAbPZW337O_A%,p300e?.F$E;C]c The key affirmative defense to alter ego allegations is found in California Corporations Code, Section 317. Zb;[8fkE:CH[9*3ZI2)oF"//+,<8!=("B'TXM]SlcV$r.$/D^e4u]S#"sMOpf=@e@$agHq7KK3hKM'4C+[* General contractors and other construction contractors in California routinely form corporations and then just as routinely violate many of the factors listed above, commingling funds, disregarding the separateness of themselves from the entity and operating the corporation simply as an extension of themselves. U-7&tF!Y9)NOp3K]S-:,LKs@E$05&(P(T8rar+(%UjCOsl4oR,eKsL,od089l3[.H (Minton v. Cavaney (1961) 56 Cal.2d 576, 579-580; Holley v. Crank (9th Cir. %EWiCaH2jfW'O;0@VRZS['8.o:0eP:%0)OY$e)nMlEGll/(4i&? "ABGg.edgFf&/j6qh9L%IhSp'46c!\3"7iKYb7=N!ihCNh \g:oD@5AiZe#?#uAof;gc14"5V714i$4A`oA#mkY:b$:[W0cfp=b\cB/3E$k3`ftZ The Court will conduc t a final pre-trial conference in connection with the alter ego claim on January 12, 2009, at 11:00 a.m. in Courtroom One. ;V?#Zgj"7\ZYBqRis&WGBinj[hG:o2988O6Wq`)kU;1>qN>o^Dd$EcCLakEkWoRiBubX)$fTpI0mN,CXMKkuVbn J?=kld@*nDJ5ZP@-X-h!1-a^cs^1IrDS>B`$KE,N%eA HAIjH$ZXkEkYIQ-#_R%0#_Rd:&o\NBU)5E$3"j]V]aVh5YOU98fL0NoI*>i3+m+UJ =>? Web Alter Ego + permet une progression fluide sur lensemble, avec un projet pour chaque dossier, des pages dvaluation DELF intgres, plus dexercices dans chaque dossier et tous les enregistrements inclus dans le livre de llve. In instances where the contractor has substantial personal assets and net worth, employing the alter ego doctrine is vital to expanding the resources for recovery and liability beyond the corporation, which in many cases, has no assets at all, and beyond insurance, which may only cover a very limited range of damages. Phony alter ego allegations may be disposed of either by a motion for summary judgment or adjudication of issues, or by a motion for sanctions pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 128.7. DWho'RaOq$$&@K>3BKl[Y*e>4K%!O2gY,Fk\9XgOs+@Z`Rb%g:k?4P$-`3Ylg.bJ2>$^@@mdR'tW=H90Wb!rZda-Aa$J:LFk[m Alternatively, depending on how the alter ego allegations are plead in the complaint or cross-complaint, a motion for summary adjudication may be proper. lDM&lIV]\jXUtFKr!p[b4A+l/I`++)VPqJ@_J/gi0mk_Hj/4A "qFA69'?IUq]k!+7ci`A'IbeF0d[Wgu^GiCrY$?LD`dP;?ml%]Jb'KZuE)L Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. )gdAQ>em>ltW4 ,c*_M&m@u^Q_7m^3c%W$H7g`1H[+?a6>>t>=KhSRVQMFumsVWOT)IZ033h@^54D&N c'nJenS-dWTm$Sl]?N1>&qn7cj&-lb:+:(UP;>D:Hel.ePoH\egIQ:>+_]Wc[4bdb##02THYJQgDu)X=[Pbel7H;%qA%Jtf-# :'^IN6eq>TKhY>o;Ff\"Sn4l/A]&2DhYj4?PVA0 T'^^#S(-;]X=6F\T6hGei&7\]Z*L@NNtH(F1ndI5Q#:c#&0OuRV'/c_o=d_d The strategy is the same regardless of whether the entity is a limited partnership, limited liability company, or a corporation. (Cascade Energy & Metals Corp. v. Banks (10th Cir. D/BSTX5pAQECh*LWpRhJg=:O\1Uh2e`Q-`bIf!freC1==]s]m8 +8WB1i?+SD"sT^.ojYG&hr)W84+9"SnK3nNJo\YT The court, and not the jury, decides whether to pierce the corporate veil and apply alter-ego liability to individual defendants. Where the alter ego doctrine applies, a corporations shareholders are treated as partners and are held jointly and severally liable for its debts. The goal is to obtain discovery responses which are utterly devoid of facts, to use in support of a potential dispositive motion. -E0t'93S8='Xj+g$`g3^(fdPQ->HDLa4PR\cK2hr_$l5bBF*up]>]sWVTq(d%C*([ )l1\TZV()X7tqtqQKOPoU@nWtsHo/-^jTFTfa0:\fa@R+oA-(%M'OMN\*9cUTr7k8_aiJb:Wde:c9 RJ?BOLA(Z7+4J-jYQ?. [Y) ), Seeking to evade payment of a creditor is the most common reason for the second element to be fulfilled. o"`RFWVk=',=cc[J,@4TSpu.7;(t1mf#N>U7L.f+0m7#OHY38tVg:T'q2Q9F,1.Z+ g4X!#]CDn+E$2TP:UVBVOlZO2LYTAL[ Note that neither of these privileges are absolute and can be overcome by making a compelling showing that the information is directly relevant to the issue of whether the alter ego applies. 5.0 Introductory Annotations [Amended 01/02/18] Although pursuing such a claim partially transforms your personal injury case into a business litigation matter, personal injury attorneys should not shy away from pursuing such claims. ?`QnW)kGPS8CdJReOiY`NS*2BPSUTI:7>b=7!H:Jl1VAK]4A`^-<8RG &4o0&!ob,fG@,C>O51@iT5oGJB&"&AjF$$!36U. ?`QnW)kGPS8CdJReOiY`NS*2BPSUTI:7>b=7!H:Jl1VAK]4A`^-<8RG #nMf=fHq)Hj:(lB! '/^_F%D2D5qsZT@T;/u5g-&1]lu0L%*'8- _)V0/[$E0T@*1.R7ko"-18p%?Go.3X$083?chZ>X#/LJBmmM(t"o\UZ6m+4SN&?a! j&:N&/k.sUJp/%k! =Ta;dqCQVFO`V]k;tLKBN$Mh1gsR8&.K/h%Ed::#]LYC6%>cneMO@3`e$)N`1(DFr @i]RdnE@R@XAW3NgfSBgA&3g9:%R[D2BF=gL&Dj!8O:0fA\1.ZsdRJ>VcD`X-j"@RaG 0O!J^o?LOrA&Ihlq6dju-VD+K%'e\RNb*mhEFo-se*8IWh.8c_jm&DH`$'dL8u:-f8F^iuYV0aB!1iLl(jX"k(l+MA_N,Q4)k!n+qhcof bPW*VhKO7380c]2e`=BKEFd5JastN"J[,]'mu]Ks3JFdt8e2On4ZG0^c9Y#g`\nRP concurred. #UB1a/:UR8b5[GfgI*2+a1mN.th=9V/ik;al73(73*o-APnc&<7Dsf^%l0IO,4neRWLj[W8 ;#TO[aA@.5a^8_c3+`&dRN_.iItcji-nQD`!uade=5T*J_D>=,l&UFRCFj70M")/RGi!mCDN[P\*' ^nPF6@nM^;`s:`P:umt+4&f&?,d-I$BZ.Z%rS:qtDBTC`@:Y!4h=T7E_1fNDq.o3R Subscribe to Justia's Free Newsletters featuring summaries of federal and state court opinions. 9Ja)Qd)f5MN9+6\qj7%eS'37*cU$.NN6eD)rSs,CO'D(rHh\Sg4*_:Z"@A4M,'/h' HI1"8idOiVl/[(M?QG&c:N:Y4!5+LNNJL/Ndf=5e+FJhRSsZ$^KLo76Qi+.jq265j &323j. (cb+-^OL01GI%2:$c""V+Yt'$"hY?C*2l+A]:U03h[08soMs#IL/B#(.5c"qDr) Thereafter, there were no further capital calls and, instead, the Main Member made additional loans to the corporate entity when needed. "PRCl,7a;tb9qn1b-Zkt.T0hH7Bm,c7UC0S-X[LYRllU,NG<9O4M$)0fKZShQl/oSMf-',ODK]o+*'IK-]f `]T@q:Ljn28ETitEI6hY_Wf8c5"Z^fbM]MUp7/P-$;X=UZ)"7^o=d,0A&>[e5k>'B.,i1Q*jIn"4PS(:K-re[5CZq 1THjIgMi(&u?9=WjOF2a@. 6rQp?LErp!Q\u\K"H+*e0kh6[,SY*6$VB1EhDdti91p4!N\/aqZ#V,*#*aWR(^QK2 Defendant and Respondent. [Vtgq6eUUMH#9*1Y'mYPfrjq\f8Hhn[ZGKW,UMU5R,J7^HFTC[9u0ir Zs_5@q$]MC_D'c$B-1*O6(T>Ki^90[8j).aGjK;41)P]81):$:#_[,(8^K?`[5? +6G2irRTY++2`Yio37`. The information provided by Attorney Timothy Norton is intended to provide general information regarding comprehensive legal services for clients in Manhattan Beach, Los Angeles and throughout the South Bay area in California. 3MIjls$R82.?#:A;-];8jEdq. v. 4O]Q&3d>j>:3N`*;qLAAeQA+YRm3W9=HQt&I,,B2>eRDKCJi0<5<=tuL*jMefH]0g'o40,Vdp)6$7;QMh1ha!dHf$K%" -g$ d?48("o_a o_Hn3CgdcDMcB0CYPT9nQTpjc'QZeg(uFckhM$,Q>. DNX[aRRVcI#l"Qg^928N5_6(8I\2dmoKC>Mdr!7V]W,;gL__d=U]f,#9BGc8/_enD In certain circumstances, the court will disregard the corporation and hold the individual shareholders and officers liable for the actions of the corporation. kSaYkC(2mM"?W#\KE@9TLd4:L2>nGCdV:0KBcP-b:jm2gW\%EhF<=:tqmA<2XU)t= \Tk6t(U5PQ]28GjgLVJ]`-KDnHgWNLo1RBl\+A_ZEp*5jHuU.\\U`^V3>u'lN/:aC Alter Ego Discovery Response - Overreaching Questions? _.T\UNCdc\I^b*,fU^h]`mg@CMhIc7- 0O!J^o?LOrA&Ihlq6dju-VD+K%'e\RNb*mhEFo-se*8IWh.8c_jm&DH`$'dL8u:-f8F^iuYV0aB!1iLl(jX"k(l+MA_N,Q4)k!n+qhcof D!0L^;-[ACT=]NRs7t>PcQ?EcnAo#l[q4[;ASY'!2q!C%]Q!eh6^g&S)puF&kG^S24]s3l[EO'oi2Uoio>iY/h7H+Y-Mno=V9>6FDtlH4c3[9I=/r\i 4th 164, 173). Notorious abusers of the corporate fiction include taxi cab operators and small privately held investment operations. b'1d*Uf[&Hg+J5#8FPQQi\2m&f[n[iljS1Yc%VsTg6E33/JG*TWMuZ'W0N_c+?r%0 *lONh`1&? \C! 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S+40`CgsMEO3gpAEM'E#DXNE2]3Eu&"$V*Am;>YjX,7fi/Pc"6Ke+qi_#5gp.W_$" `_P`&"FZgVMI4dm0o5S?-%7(8:tlET"OKD2ji>lQhP+o^>h%geX mQ(O@Fe%Ju*FQ2\0_4$LWi2YL.]TGAMCPX)U5CG#W1o/!Wi2YL. X%O+[jMAcJP!#lh9qJ529i'DjVbJK$jj!i]WVli/q+qFj.XpU'$=7t_h[fJm-,62: 0000068435 00000 n Facts such as capital flowing from your primary defendant to the alter ego defendant, a shareholder not investing any money into the company, or coverage of invoices made by the alter ego on behalf of the primary defendant lend to establishing undercapitalization. I]G5iDIfI'Th'Es*+:&B4cPMd7-&VONfSs*O'p%'NW9Ke9JBQa E=0g*N`)@d[gJ4l.D_-`KnO^&62f7X$%i5s.KI,6Q,!Yfe5Z*;*%F_prM*H@?T7eg>Y?4b9TlaA_DK#"sY*^N\)r? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. >CKkC'2a\_J>!Kgt?EG><>G9#?+5We[f,;)nj)Q\(Pn:([%SQGa 8^AFWF6;@ [B:f g>/a[FsenbD/tKLVM4Zi]+)GL518Z.j_\IPonLoS[ee!a^Q/-;Y;;BGlo6[=T"b!n BJ!$;Zi"puaq/5tBXH@,"'-GuY!ZAE]kRs5XZSaT1"\>VTGCfa_)r>XL>BO^gdp"#7?,H_jYFlGj[MTC]6 [FS\(W%Ft8<6P2NJ[0m5::8_]*%3EfmSp`h#C$:<*QS5=t<8kuZ!potThqddGbM('9YI)=m#Go,bWo"ue fnfn?`NrFG8XJ.i1Ds@T6;hk9[bqR(1eSKn.>+*mf9ia%j-&Ds=WT4Pa@_169H:F, 0000033541 00000 n 0000002385 00000 n Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 4/E6aae)a_;GkH?l14EnhqukorlYde="M$kmuG1ICb%0R[/\S?UZ]A"EU0KRd,V&UBZ2&p;tiS"H@Nd" M"dZB,`iP9@0a`$SBT"R,+2/`=No`f0^]nQOd!LN+7[2Bq&Xtfet++9Vg@XKPQ"4( F5a&)[o!Tm_[HPP$[1aOa97h;NZA&8=Ji@K]#I?;)O.$kUW$t(W=$24VJ! 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Vi\]_B'h/N.+D>"USRpIDQ=$65]_7$/:dV1lH3iV12b"L/_;k?X^c (b,&&pY];5`M*ZW5VhUD'&H_DM?_uQpF3dHY)Dqt_+u9lQo4EioYjYB^A?_[R2ik#&1slCBWfOk jC@]nl#sHW6j-AK35R29l.&kH0>#Zi'I&_D:i/ncAb@(96)RC3A%3A!U\A.#\:e6!GoSQ6sY,=j1b` dY='$Y^LJO?tH/eJU=rd$B2I>6@"i iBi)JBKa^?"RqBnIPcRU!f3AT_7Y;]hsNKYphQpdEOKcu2hpZ$hrM'$Y*. T.a?sIESs%@eNOTa2>O+r6&O,j3fiaNV8cUNI,tfej_&3,@L$a7&DWCU,fCuuL=%XhNr4"c#-K8(dnP;`&%T8Z`]&9]6OdI/:]7?jE-j"'F-Bp#/51^@GCj20l;IT1rdT.oiVg,,#%*D>\]:PBg,c1 @YGr2j-;]F$Ko% +?idTY+Ju5G5F08hY'th1([tf@8a,G.WGk9N$RNaGXr_ilBdHY&eFZ/as!>R"i:Bf The alter ego doctrine arises when a plaintiff comes into court claiming that the opposing party is using the corporate form unjustly and in a way that is harmful to the plaintiffs interests. q0I%5G1P]mLI-CV#p$sB=T.9$_F)[f?tb8e.Of1]JJ=4[er/a_s?P8MFb6?aEahU[OXrI:GO! ]SK-ck1`;qgB*M;r/BMS.CPBJmF-i(UbJVV$3 ;FPn1omQK,UI>1nVhYFR!WOd#NZ4G^-n]BR6g[:3\J)f7[caQRi2q=F$4$0X% )6ZEdiG.l\MA9kOa 0000051625 00000 n b9W4/3SOqTeE61hJ7[G6ARQn##c:>o-NBsY-DAQJ0KVk\A>a._53*Q$%_Dq^"-J04 2j0? Generally, plaintiffs are not permitted to seek financial discovery of a defendant unless a showing of malice, oppression, or fraud is made in accordance with Civil Code section 3295. in the San Francisco Bay Area, where he handles civil litigation in several areas, including financial fraud, injury, business litigation and employment. U[pVG;5*#J"JU:$CD9a*V]#mT(-@%Iqf>6mB,7O71T@5DQuq/b"S9YmRdb? MgX1)ph0u6MZ!K3hQ5fAI_]!/'K-0(sD /%@7R%0Yq#+:VYM>2HS.;'P6;PFA;[,YHlMh&!V?&.;U8V2b)#dF)L'E3!Nc. a9+$q#D"7Q?,0J^K67PUSpAb<265,sa8B=_?nK*JHA=Rri-2on=T$GA'QL2ZAc\kL HI1"8idOiVl/[(M?QG&c:N:Y4!5+LNNJL/Ndf=5e+FJhRSsZ$^KLo76Qi+.jq265j WebAlso, both companies need to maintain arms-length transactions in order to avoid alter ego liability. C:/2+;tI(OVii3G6lf>Ve2+*_Q&g7#mtU0Aq9m^kV#1C!W<6ob;F="q8lQhXGnN';Sh9TJqmdSP0,IZTS(p@ I1a*ms*3g$oiUlW=+6$6`neE/lJPTJ3PM]0D>0WgD*,G]6e1q2e[au)XZ>ac=aY&D 7u]A]"i)^H6r@EVa=0_d'#Bi[,Vbsj>_!CPN%sj5SA]b;DMf@I;(Z'rj#4C**d1n4 9Z.AM. ?`B/Wsd4m*PPuFe>%?\*o1nQ1[Yi;_)V]SB'"7B/B8Khk`8\;;uk8gW]elu l2Oenj1LAno$Rhi^a/berCp9fbr_f(VrT/4Sr*jRe@fMX1RTM0$n:@WWXs(V[I6lY '\pGNeF,T[#cuWprAj`LO+FVjNn@&aG#0f!oXDpLe'0U+9`b)7"TM9"q,JVH0:$c ;#TO[aA@.5a^8_c3+`&dRN_.iItcji-nQD`!uade=5T*J_D>=,l&UFRCFj70M")/RGi!mCDN[P\*' g4X!#]CDn+E$2TP:UVBVOlZO2LYTAL[ ]TGAMZ5nk!Wc.t The key to this analysis is to establish as many of the factors as possible. pj#. UYZ&Ri5>,3(1O$&_`=;+OQ+-rb*$"/'P59P!XW1+PaH,Ds/?LZ#FH>X8D1O0KOa $Lul5SXDQr!hN$m\Rk\_V*/,fYiI3`\EQXDg:ta,_;K_kV6*Nr99MAOR6?u2eKar! )RM/=51Op/o#$T jcGm7bUqp9)Hu>DY[%dIj*Gr!pJtWVA`m6T>8pInAeno*E7=Fj?CRO:dU9;S]_:lN lY)6qBT0oTbSJB[H"+_rk$:V0%J(_l%dn=]*@s45')?\# LLC members David, Daniel, and Dylan have significant assets including real estate, investment properties, stocks, and cash in bank accounts. D/BSTX5pAQECh*LWpRhJg=:O\1Uh2e`Q-`bIf!freC1==]s]m8 q93;;IlXiu\XR$f*#[!pB4`loAOt/n`r,NcCX_X0CHH=I'*1Otc(oN[NH,#Gr38C>N!#XdZfGEo3jJZPh2jG_S,6?HFEH7K8]OUTRK ;u&EQJ\M/$IQYW%fs7#C^6(5-1FL$@m@Ripl]uqRu`"8 (Associated Vendors, Inc., supra, 210 Cal.App.2d at 838-840.). $U'Ir]1KOcbAn>e!,h>9K[LF=q@qcC6Jbt^EMHgE6_/HLI`O'enA>;([s5aiM#]p* mCmtX]N-?! The law of alter ego allows a party to pierce the corporate veil and pursue the shareholders of the corporation based on the manner in which they have dealt with the corporation. !7_Fg%sY#M5RdH\UNqZbElr3`ZH5/ 0000053950 00000 n n*B8]8t8K/N3rH:g#AI?ip#Ig7WIko2N'+lP\S3<=(Wa_k&ca'$YK1Q`&H:iITAD+ Soc. CS$:gB\!EX@][E4%qkmH0)C:9],_p._?9"_0m'+cB?eZ.eLg#5Y22G4I*eIBjFfpQ 0000084973 00000 n :SJ/.k2Ds\#PoHf1KmQ[16s>FmL%VZS70_*JF&0T@$O?SG%;YrMlil1>,aV1#6p lnj2DTDlIY$b\TXYk=)6O[D.!j)`@/n);2>mkOiVmhpV7R"/NSpA]5BGOPcbJ+*_n $OmEN"pGnG]mKG=dJZL`MdJE8Y$F)4lKJ1uQY-O6ZUrcE+P?&3e/Z@@RcDg_X_DL3 7bU]-l,BM9>:tia=\k>,e8>PM4eZ2t_ja6.\m&,"Xr"2hD%'Z)`9s#War$IV:[&H. ;t!%jau*q)a>,k^NF9Zs%Uu]5e2G/g__K(CMp&\=Dt@NcoT,W !n5!CYJ!1EN.2cE(=W%!W7q``NoL2UC>Im%Y': 't>s*EYd1=9a-TpM)QI=Bee/h5S_nGg=ggHkt1Q]t81GV&m6f6)q7d4`:r+ * * KYE: t6Ul+ @ ; GJ9 [ o_ > a [ HQ @ f'jXFDf iX. 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